Analytical Reasoning Book

Notes 272 Pages

Aptitude

Analytical Reasoning

Contributed by

Hammad Hussain

1
Preface

It is the benevolence of Allah All Mighty that I am able to present this
book to students. I expect that this book will fulfill needs of students preparing
for national and International Test.

In the area of Analytical Reasoning, there are many books available in
international market; but in all books, Analytical Reasoning explain in
narration form, while it is more difficult than Mathematic for which one
cannot understand by read narration explanation. First time, Analytical
reasoning explains with the combination of narration, math and columns form
which is easiest to understand the Analytical Reasoning.

Many author of Analytical Reasoning’s books; advise the reader to
solve only three out of four Analytical Game, in International Test (GRE,
LSAT) in order to solve Analytical Games in allot time. After reading this
book, one will be able to solve all the Analytical Games of any International
Test (GRE, LSAT) as well as Local Test (GAT) with in allot time and will
success to take the high score.

I am indebted to Mr. Imran Saeed, Rehan Ali, Yasir Jalal, Mian Yousaf,
Muhammad Naeem and Mehroz Gul for their collaboration and assistant in
writing this book.

I also express my gratitude to all my friends who courage and help me
for writing this book.

I request to the curios students to please convey their opinions and
suggestions to me so that I may improve this work.

Muhammad Arfan Habib
arfanansary@gmail.com

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Contents

Page No
Part 1 Introduction to Analytical Reasoning 4
1.1 Analytical Reasoning----------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.2 Component of Analytical Reasoning----------------------------------------- 6
1.3 Rules and Types of Rules------------------------------------------------------ 7
1.4 Types of Analytical Games---------------------------------------------------- 8
1.5 Analytical Symbols------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.6 Analytical Logics--------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.7 Most Important Types of Question and how to Solve-------------------- 14
1.8 How to Answer the Question ------------------------------------------------ 15

Part 2 Types of Analytical Games 17
2.1 Ordering Analytical Game----------------------------------------------------- 18
2.2 Grouping Analytical Game---------------------------------------------------- 21
2.3 Networking Analytical Game------------------------------------------------- 25

Part 3 Tests 30
3.1 Test No 1------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.2 Test No 2------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
3.3 Test No 3------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
3.4 Test No 4------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
3.5 Test No 5------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
3.6 Test No 6------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
3.7 Test No 7------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
3.8 Test No 8------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
3.9 Test No 9------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
3.10 Test No 10------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69
3.11 Test No 11------------------------------------------------------------------------ 74
3.12 Test No 12------------------------------------------------------------------------ 78
3.13 Test No 13------------------------------------------------------------------------ 82
3.14 Test No 14------------------------------------------------------------------------ 86
3.15 Test No 15------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90
3.16 Test No 16------------------------------------------------------------------------ 94
3.17 Test No 17------------------------------------------------------------------------ 98
3.18 Test No 18------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
3.19 Test No 19------------------------------------------------------------------------ 106
3.20 Test No 20------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110
3.21 Test No 21------------------------------------------------------------------------ 114
3.22 Test No 22------------------------------------------------------------------------ 118
3.23 Test No 23------------------------------------------------------------------------ 122
3.24 Test No 24------------------------------------------------------------------------ 126
3.25 Test No 25------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130
3.26 Test Answers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 134

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Page No
Part 4 Solution of Tests 136
4.1 Solution of Test No 1----------------------------------------------------------- 137
4.2 Solution of Test No 2----------------------------------------------------------- 143
4.3 Solution of Test No 3----------------------------------------------------------- 149
4.4 Solution of Test No 4----------------------------------------------------------- 155
4.5 Solution of Test No 5----------------------------------------------------------- 160
4.6 Solution of Test No 6----------------------------------------------------------- 167
4.7 Solution of Test No 7----------------------------------------------------------- 172
4.8 Solution of Test No 8----------------------------------------------------------- 178
4.9 Solution of Test No 9----------------------------------------------------------- 184
4.10 Solution of Test No 10---------------------------------------------------------- 190
4.11 Solution of Test No 11---------------------------------------------------------- 196
4.12 Solution of Test No 12---------------------------------------------------------- 202
4.13 Solution of Test No 13---------------------------------------------------------- 208
4.14 Solution of Test No 14---------------------------------------------------------- 212
4.15 Solution of Test No 15---------------------------------------------------------- 217
4.16 Solution of Test No 16---------------------------------------------------------- 222
4.17 Solution of Test No 17---------------------------------------------------------- 228
4.18 Solution of Test No 18---------------------------------------------------------- 234
4.19 Solution of Test No 19---------------------------------------------------------- 239
4.20 Solution of Test No 20---------------------------------------------------------- 244
4.21 Solution of Test No 21---------------------------------------------------------- 248
4.22 Solution of Test No 22---------------------------------------------------------- 253
4.23 Solution of Test No 23---------------------------------------------------------- 258
4.24 Solution of Test No 24---------------------------------------------------------- 263
4.25 Solution of Test No 25----------------------------------------------------------- 267

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Part 1

Introduction to Analytical Reasoning

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Analytical Reasoning

Analytical reasoning questions (also call analytical game) is a set of questions three to seven
based on a given situation such as students standing in a row, or select member for committee from
the given candidates, or scheduling the project tasks etc. analytical reasoning question are design to
check the one’s ability of conceptual learning and how one response to solve a complex situation.
Each analytical reasoning set consist of (1) what is and what to do, explaining the actual situation,
limitation, related statements and sometime other helpful material, and what is objective or what to
do? Analytical reasoning also consist of (2) three to seven questions that check understanding of
complex situation and its implications.

For solving the analytical reasoning questions there is no need of high level knowledge of
formal logic or mathematics rules, only basic general logic of daily life are use to solve the
analytical reasoning question. Vocabulary, skills, conceptual ability and computation or general
math ability are very helpful for solving the analytical reasoning problems. If one fail to understand
the meaning of single word then he cannot response all questions correctly and similarly one fail to
understand the concept of statement then again he cannot response all question correctly.

Below there is an example of analytical game

The administrator of a commercial designing Firm is scheduling exactly six tasks—J, K, L, M, N,
and O—for a particular week, Monday through Saturday. Each task can be completed in one full
day, and exactly one task will be 'scheduled for each day. The tasks must be scheduled according to
the following conditions:
J must be completed sometime before L is completed.
M must be completed on the day immediately before or the day
immediately after the day on which O is completed.
N must be completed on Thursday.
1. Which of the following is an acceptable schedule of tasks for the week?
Mon.
Tues. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat.
(A) J K M N O L
(B) J N L O M K
(C) K O M N L J
(D) M O J N K L
(E) O J M N L K
2. Any of the following could be completed on Saturday EXCEPT
(A) J
(B) K
(C) L
(D)M
(E) O
3. If K is completed on Wednesday, which of the following could be true?
(A) J is completed on Tuesday.
(B) L is completed on Monday.
(C) L is completed on Friday.
(D) M is completed on Monday.
(E) O is completed on Thursday.

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4. If O is completed on Monday, which of the following must be true?
(A) J is completed sometime before K.
(B) J is completed sometime before N.
(C) K is completed sometime before L.
(D) N is completed sometime before K.
(E) N is completed sometime before L.
5. If J is completed on Tuesday, which of the following must be true?
(A) K is completed on Monday.
(B) L is completed on Thursday.
(C) L is completed on Saturday.
(D) M is completed on Wednesday.
(E) O is completed on Saturday.
6. If M is completed on Tuesday, any of the following could be true EXCEPT:
(A) J is completed on Monday.
(B) K is completed on Saturday.
(C) L is completed on Wednesday.
(D) L is completed on Friday.
(E) O is completed on Wednesday.
7. If K is completed on Friday, which of the following must be true?
(A) J is completed on Monday.
(B) J is completed on Wednesday.
(C) L is completed on Saturday.
(D) M is completed on Monday.
(E) O is completed on Tuesday.

The above example of analytical game consists of one paragraph, some limitation and seven
questions. First paragraph explain what is actual problem or situation and what have to accomplish.
In second part, all constrains to achieve the target are explain. The third part consists of seven
questions. Each question also consist one or more specific condition and response to ask what
happen in next or how task will complete.

Components of Analytical Game

There is three component of Analytical Game
1. Situation
2. Limitations or Rules
3. Questions

1. Situation
The situation part consists of circumstance of problem and what to achieve.
This part also include resources to use for complete the objective.
In above example,
The administrator of a commercial designing Firm is scheduling exactly six tasks—J, K, L,
M, N, and O—for a particular week, Monday through Saturday. Each task can be completed in one
full day, and exactly one task will be 'scheduled for each day. The tasks must be scheduled
according to the following conditions:

First it explains the circumstance as one administrator arranging the six tasks. The objective is
arranging each task on exactly one day of the week.

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2. Limitations or Rules
The most important component of Analytical Game is Limitation or Rules which explaining
constrains for accomplish the objective.
In above example, following are the rules,
J must be completed sometime before L is completed.
M must be completed on the day immediately before or the day
immediately after the day on which O is completed.
N must be completed on Thursday

Rules are backbone in order to solve the analytical game. If one fails to understand the single Rule
then he cannot response most question correctly. For solving the each question, one needs to use
these Rules correctly. Basically one learns “how to use rules’ it mean he polishes or have good
conceptual ability.

Type of Rules

• Basic Rules
• Relationship Rules
• New Rules

Basic Rules
The Rule which has minimum possibility of occurrence is basic Rules.
In above example, the third Rules as

“N must be completed on Thursday”

Now task “N” has only one possibility of occurrence. Then third Rule is basic Rule, because it has
minimum possibility of chance.

Let, “N must be completed on Thursday or Friday’

Now task “N” has only two possibility of occurrence, again it is Basic Rule because it has only two
possibility of chance.

Relationship Rules
The Rule which describe some relation between entities is called relationship Rule. In above
example, the first and the second Rules as

“J must completed sometime before L is completed”
“M must be completed on the day immediately before or the day
immediately after the day on which O is completed”

First Rule, described relation between J and L, as J must completed before L or J < L. Now if one
knows setting of L or J then he can determine the setting for other remaining task easily.
Second Rule also described relation between M and O, now again if one knows setting for of M or
O task then he can determine the setting for other remaining task. For example, if M completed on
Tuesday then O must completed on Monday or Wednesday.

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New Rule
Rule which is made by combination of given or existing Rules is called New Rules.
Sometime, given Rules generate or explain further limitations that further limitation is a New Rule.

Types of Analytical Games

There are three major types of analytical games
• Ordering Game
Ordering analytical games require the examinee to place the "person" provided in the set of
conditions in a particular sequence. The ordering game could require the examinee to place tasks,
boys, or things in sequence.

• Grouping Game
Grouping analytical games require the examinee to select a group of person, boy, girl, teacher etc
according to the set of conditions provide.

• Networking Game
Networking analytical games require the examinee to draw a connection or link between cities,
computers, countries etc; according to the given relation.

Analytical Symbols

In order to solve analytical games easily and within time allot, one must use maximum
symbols and other notations as possible.
• Always use only “Capital letter” to represent the name of any persons, colors, trees, cities
etc.
• Try to use number instead of whole name for series like consecutive days, month.
For example. Days Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
Numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6
• In below table, there are symbols which are mostly use in analytical games.
Symbols Meaning Expression

How to read
→

If – then-- A
→
B If A select for group then B must be select with
A. and if B select for a group then A may be
select but not compulsory for selection.
↔

or
=
If --- then--- A
↔
B
Or
A = B
If A select for a group then B must be select
with A and if B select for a group then A must
be select with B. If A cannot join any specific
group then B also cannot join that group and
similarly if B cannot join any specific group
then A also cannot join that group. A = B
never shown that they are equal in value but
only shown that they are in same group.
≠ Not with
Or Not
A ≠ B
A ≠ 5
If A select for a group then B cannot select for
that group and similarly if B select for a group
then A cannot select for that group.
A ≠ 5 mean A cannot occupy the fifth position
when arrange the A in linear analytical games.
/ Or A
→
B/C If A select for a group then one of B or C must
be select. Sometime both B and C can select
with A and sometime only one of B and C can
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select with A, depending on the Rule condition
+ Add A = B + 1 This notation only use on Linear or Sequence
Analytical Games.
It means A will occupy position immediately
after B position.
± Add or Subtract A = B ± 1 It mean A will occupy position immediately
after or immediately before the position which
is occupy by B.
<
On lower position A < B It mean, A occupy lower position then the
position which is occupy by B
G
A

If—in—then----
RG
BA →

Here small G show Green team and small R
show Red team. And
RG
BA →
, it mean if A
select for Green team than B must select for
Red team.
& And (A & B)
→
C
It mean, if both A and B select for one group
then C also join the same group.

Analytical Logics

1 If A select then B must be select. A
→
B,

For Example, if there is raining then definitely there are clouds, because raining cannot be
start without clouds. So there are many case in which if one come to know existence of one element
then existence of second element is also prove. Like if there is raining then could also exist. But if
there are clouds then raining may be fall but not compulsory. So,

If A select then B must select, but if B select then A may be select or not.
And if one come to know that there are no clouds then definitely there is no raining. So, If B cannot
select then A cannot select.

• If A select then B must be select. A
→
B
• If B select then A may be select or not. B
→
A or not select.
• If B not select then A cannot select. ~B
→
~A

Symbol “~” shown for “NOT”.

2. If A select then B cannot select. A
→
~B

Now if B select then A also cannot select. B
→
~A
Then we simply write as A ≠ B
Both A and B cannot join same group.

3. If A select then B must select. A
→
B
And if B select then A must select. B
→
A
Then A = B
Both A and B must join same group.

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4.
• If A select then B must select. A
→
B
• If B select then C cannot select. B
→
~ C
• Then both A and C cannot join same group. A ≠ C
See below for detail.

Possibility
Group True/False
1 A B C False as statement 2
2 A C False as statement 1
3 B C False as statement 2
4 A B True
5 C True

In above all the possibility in which both A and C join the group are wrong, so both A and C cannot
join the group. Or A ≠ C

5
• If A select then B must select. A
→
B
• If B select then C must select. B
→
C
• Then if A and C must select. A
→
C
See below for detail.

Possibility
Group True/False
1 A B C True
2 A C False as statement 1
3 B C True
4 A B False as statement 2
5 C True

In above all the possibility in which A select and C not join with A are wrong, so if A select then C
must select with A. Or A = C

6
• For a group only two member are remaining for group completion and two member will
be select from total three available(A, B, C) person.
• If A select then B must select.
• Then B must be select and one of A and C can select for that group.
See below for detail.
Group Remaining Members = 2 Available Persons = A, B, C
Group Remaining Member
True/False
1 2
A B True
A C False as statement 2
B C True
In above all the possibility in which B not select are wrong. So in above case B must be select.

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Analytical Reasoning Book

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