GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING qbank

Question Bank 22 Pages

Anna University

Information Technology And Engineering

Contributed by

Manish Minhas

PANIMALAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF IT

IV YR/VIII SEM 1
GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING
UNIT I HUMAN VALUES
SYLLABUS: Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue –
Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time –
Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self-confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga
and meditation for professional excellence and stress management.
Course Objectives: To create awareness on professional ethics and Human Values
1.
What are human values?
Values decide the standard of behavior. Some universally accepted values are freedom justice

and
equality. Other principles of values are love, care, honesty, integrity, self-respect.
2.
What are ethical values?
Trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring is ethical values
3.
Distinguish values from ethics and culture.
Values are mainly related to individuals and since they are related to justice, they remain the

some
for everyo ne. E.g. truth, honesty, empathy, self respect. Values do not change from

individual to
individual. Ethics is common to a group of individuals; the group may be religious or professional. Ethics
is mostly based on some code or law and judgment of any action is based on code of conduct or law.
Ethics change from individual to individual Culture commonly refers to conduct of a group. E.g system
of worship, marriage. It may differ from society to society, nation to nation or religion to religion.
4.
What is integrity?
Integrity is the unity of character based on moral values. Consistency in attitudes, emotions and conduct
in relations to morally justified actions and values are also the part of integrity of individual. It
implies honesty, trustworthiness.
5.
Define work ethics
By one‟s work one cannot harm others. Any worker cannot escape accountability. Worker has the
moral responsibility to see that no other person‟s right, private or freedom is impaired or
transgressed.
6.
What is service learning?
Service learning tells that one has moral responsibility to increase the desirable effects and to

decrease
the harmful effects. Any service should increase the desirable result.
7.
Mention some civic virtues?
Good citizen demand civic virtue. It is the principle of not harming the surroundings .it also includes
living peacefully, respect for others, protecting the environment and being normally and ethically
good.
8.
Write short notes on caring and sharing.
Caring is the essence of moral life. Caring involves feelings, relationship, contends with other persons
and protecting others and causing least damage to others. Sharing means sharing of feelings, ideas
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thoughts, resources and profits. Sharing is always mutually beneficial. Sharing morally acceptable
feelings, resources and materials is a value.
9.
Write notes on honesty.
Any human being should imbibe honesty-honesty in acts, honesty in speech and honesty in

beliefs.
Honesty is the fundamental virtue in human relationship even though in may be difficult

to follow some
times.
10.
What is courage as a value?
Courage implies self-respect and governs confrontations with danger and risk. It isnot excessive

rashes or
cowardice, but it is the middle ground. Taking calculated risks and boldness in facing crises are the
hallmarks of courage as a human value. It defines the mental make up of an

individual in taking
bold decisions even under adverse situations.
11.
Define co-operation.
Co-operation means extending help to others, for a good cause. Co-operation may be through an

idea, a
suggestion, an assistance or physical work which extends to others for common benefit.
12.
Define empathy.
Empathy means putting self in a position of someone else and thinking as the later and reasoning
suitable action.
13.
Define spirituality.
Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into a realm where he seeks peace and real
happiness.
14.
Define Integrity?
Integrity is the bridge between responsibility in private and professional life.
15.
Define Compromise?
In a negative sense it means to undetermined integrity by violating one‟s fundamental moral
principles. In a positive sense, however, it means to settle differences bymutual concessions or to
reconcile conflicts through adjustments in attitude and conduct.
16.
Give the two aspects of Honesty?
Truthfulness – meeting responsibilities concerning truth-telling. Trustworthiness –Meeting responsibilities
concerning trust.
17.
Differentiate Self-respect and Self-esteem?
Self-respect: It is a moral concept; refers to the virtue properly valuing oneself.
Self-esteem: It is a psychological concept; means having a positive attitude toward Oneself, even if
the attitude is excessive or otherwise unwarranted.
18.
What are Human values? Explain briefly
.
Values are the rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn't, good
and bad. “Emotional beliefs in principles regarded as particularly favorable or important for the
individual.”
Types of Values: (a) Right conduct, (b) Peace (c) Truth, (d) Love, (e) Nonviolence.
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19.
Factors That Demonstrate a Strong Work Ethic:
 Integrity,
 Sense of Responsibility, Emphasis on Quality, Discipline, and
 Sense of Teamwork.
20.
Five Characteristics of a Good Work Ethic:
Reliability, Dedication, Productivity, Cooperation, and Character
21.
Explain CIVIC VIRTUE.
Civic virtues are the moral duties and rights, as a citizen of the village or the country or an

integral
part of the society and environment.
Civic virtues are divided into four categories:
1. Civic Knowledge
2. Self-Restraint
3. Self-Assertion
4. Self-Reliance
22.
Explain Respect for others.
Respect is a positive feeling of admiration or deference for a person. Respect can be a specific

feeling
of regard for the actual qualities of the one respected. It can also be conduct in accord with a specific
ethic of respect. Treating people with respect makes your world a nicer place to live in, whether it's at
home, at

school, or out in your community. Don't insult people or make fun of them.
23.
Explain Living Peacefully.
To live peacefully, one should start install peace within (self). Charity begins at home. Then one

can
spread peace to family, organization where one works, and then to the world, including the

environment.
Only who are at peace can spread peace. You cannot gift an article which you do not possess. The
essence of oriental philosophy is that one should not fight for peace. It is oxymoron. War or peace can be
won only by peace, and not by wars !
One should adopt the following means to live peacefully, in the world
24.
Explain Stress Management.
Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a
person's levels of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose of improving every day
functioning. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the ever-increasing demands of life.
Surveys show that many Americans experience challenges with stress at some point during the year.
25. Define spirituality? (Nov/Dec 15)
Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into a realm where he seeks peace
and real happiness
26.
Explain Self- Confidence, Character and Spirituality.(May/June 16)
Self- Confidence: Certainty in one‟s own capabilities, values, and goals. These people are

usually
positive thinking, flexible and willing to change. They respect others so much as they respect
themselves. Character: To determine the ideals.
Spirituality: Spirituality is a way of living that emphasizes the constant awareness and recognition of
the spiritual dimension (mind and its development) of nature and people, with a

dynamic balance
between the material development and the spiritual development.
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27. What are the values? (May/June 16)
Values denote something‟s degree of importance, with the aim of determining what action of life is
best to do or live or to describe the significance of different actions.

28. What are the qualities of a self-confident people? (Nov/Dec 15)
1. Ambitious
2. Self-Love
3. Risk-takers
4. Self-awareness
5. Change agent
Part –B (16 marks)
1. Write short notes honesty. (R) (Nov/Dec 2015)
2. What is courage? What are the salient features of courage?(R) (Nov/Dec 2015)
3. What is service learning?(R)
4. Distinguish values from ethics and culture.(U)
5. What do you understand by the term spirituality? Explain in detail.(U)(May/June 16)
6. Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into a realm where he seeks peace and real
happiness (E)
7. Define the terms Values, Morals & Ethics?(R)
8. Define Human Values? ?(R)
9. Explain the importance of self-confidence in ethics(U)(May/June 2016)

Course Outcome: Students understand the core values that shape the ethical behavior of an engineer and
Exposed awareness on professional ethics and human values.

UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS

SYLLABUS: Senses of „Engineering Ethics‟ – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral
dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy –
Models of professional roles – Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses
of Ethical Theories.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To create awareness on Engineering Ethics providing basic knowledge
about engineering Ethics, Variety of moral issues and Moral dilemmas, Professional Ideals and Virtues.

PART A

1. Define moral Dilemma? (MAY/JUNE 2012)
Dilemmas are certain kind of situations in which a difficult choice has to be made. Moral
dilemmas can also be called moral problems. Moral Dilemmas have two or more folding„s - moral
obligations, duties, rights, goods, or ideals come disagreement with each other.
2. What are the chief characteristics of a profession? (MAY/JUNE 2012)
Knowledge Organization Public Good
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3. What is the significance of engineering ethics? (MAY/JUNE 2011)
An activity and an area of inquiry. Ethical problems, issues and controversy Set of beliefs, attitudes
and habits. Morally correct.

4. What is engineering ethics? (MAY/JUNE 2011, MAY/JUNE 2014)
Study of the moral issues and decisions confronting individuals and organizations
engaged in engineering / profession. Study of related questions about the moral ideals, character,
policies and relationships of people and corporations involved in technological activity. Moral standards
/values and system of morals.

5. What is meant by normative inquiry? (MAY/JUNE 2011)
Engineering ethics involves normative inquiry in order to aim at identifying and justifying
the morally desirable norms or standards that ought to guide individuals or groups. Normative
questions include what ought to be? and what is good?

6. What do you mean by ethical pluralism?(APRIL/MAY 2010)
Ethical pluralism is the view that there may be alternative moral perspectives that are
reasonable, but no one of which must be accepted completely by all rational and morally
concerned persons.

7. Differentiate Moral and Ethics? (MAY/JUNE 2010)
Moral:
o Refers only to personal behavior.
o Refers to any aspect of human action.
o Social conventions about right or wrong conduct.
Ethics:
Involves defining, analyzing, evaluating and resolving moral problems and
Developing moral criteria to guide human behavior.
Critical reflection on what one does and why one does it.
Refers only to professional behavior.

8. State Rawls principles? (NOV/DEC2010)
Each person is entitled to the most extensive amount of liberty compatible with an equal amount
for others.
Differences in social power and economic benefits are justified only when they are likely to
benefit everyone, including members of the most disadvantaged groups.

9. Write any three uses of ethical theories. (NOV/DEC2010, MAY/JUNE 2014)
Ethical theories are very useful in understanding and resolving moral dilemmas.
In estimating the professional obligations and ideals.
Determine to what extent, the obligations can be exercised in a given situation.

10. What are the types of Theories about Morality/ Right action? (MAY/JUNE 2009)
Virtue ethics – Virtues and vices
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Utilitarianism – Most good for the most people
Duty ethics – Duties to respect people
Rights ethics – Human rights

11. Explain Ethical Egoism (MAY/JUNE 2009)
It deals with self-interest. Each person is the best judge of their own self-interest and is
responsible for maximizing their own interest. Egoism preaches selfishness but morality should
encourage love, compassion etc.

12. Differentiate Ethical Relativism and Ethical Egoism? (MAY/JUNE2008)
Ethical egoism – the view that right action consist in producing one„s own good.
Ethical relativism – the view that right action is merely what the law and customs of one„s
society require.

13. Explain moral integrity? (MAY/JUNE2008)
Moral integrity is the strength of character on the basis of moral concern and moral values.
Integrity is the bridge that links the responsibilities between personal life and professional carrier.

14. Explain profession and professionalism? (NOV/DEC 2008)
Profession is a job through which someone makes living.
Professionalism cover comprehensively all areas of practice of a particular profession. It requires
skills and responsibilities involved in engineering profession.

15. Give the importance of Lawrence Kohlberg
‟
s and Carol Gilligan
‟
s theory?
(NOV/DEC 2008)
Kohlberg gives greater emphasis to recognizing rights and abstract universal rules. Gilligan
Stresses the importance of maintaining personal relationships based onmutual caring.

16. What is consensus and controversy?
Consensus means agreement and controversy means disagreement. Both plays the vital
roles while considering moral autonomy.

17. What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority?
Moral' autonomy is exercised on the basis of moral concern for other people and recognition
of good moral reasons. Authority provides the frame work inwhich learning can takes place in
class room/work place.

18. What are the types of virtues?
Self-direction – commitment, self-discipline, courage
Public spirited – justice, generosity.
Teamwork – cooperation, loyalty, respect for authority, leadership qualities.
Proficiency- technical skill, creativity.

19. What are the cardinal virtues/ Chief Virtues?
Wisdom - courage -temperament -justice

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20. What are the concepts of pre-conventional & conventional level in Gilligan's theory?
Carol Gilligan recast the theory of Kohlberg as follows.
Pre conventional level: Desire to derive benefits for oneself. Right conduct is viewed in a selfish
manner as solely what is good for oneself.
Conventional level: Here the basic motive is willingness to sacrifice one's own interests and a strong
desire to hurt other's interests. Mostly women are always willing to give up their personal interests in order
to serve the needs of others.

21. Define Ethics. Mention some universally accepted ethical standards. (NOV/DEC 13)
"Ethics" as the "discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and
obligation," "a set of moral principles or value" or "a theory or system of moral values." Ethics assists
individuals in deciding when an act is moral or immoral, right or wrong. Ethics can be grounded in
natural law, religious tenets, parental and family influence, educational experiences, life experiences,
and cultural and societal expectations. Ethical Standard such as Focus on ethics, Corporate culture,
Managerial

22. Define moral values with suitable Example. (NOV/DEC 2013),(APR/MAY2015)
Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an individual„s behavior and choices.
Individual„s morals may derive from society and government, religion, or self-Honesty, respect for
others, loyalty, responsibility for personal actions, generosity and kindness are all examples of moral
values.

23. What is meant by normative enquiry?(APRIL/MAY 2011)
Normative ethics an approach to ethics that works from standards of right or good action. There
are three types of normative theories: virtue theories, deontological theories, and teleological
theories.

24. Define
“
P
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
i
s
m
‟
.
(APRIL/MAY 2015)
Professionalism means behaving in an ethical manner while assuming and fulfilling your rightful
responsibilities in every situation every time, without fail. To get a bit more granular, one can say that it
means, in part, conducting your affairs in such a way as to engender trust and confidence in every
aspect of your work.

25. Define Moral Autonomy (NOV/DEC2014)
Moral autonomy, usually traced back to Kant, is the capacity to deliberate and to give oneself
the moral law, rather than merely heeding the injunctions of others. Personal autonomy is the capacity
to decide for oneself and pursue a course of action in one's life, often regardless of any particular moral
content.

PART-B
1. What are the stages of moral development according to Gilligan? Discuss
(R)(8)(MAY/JUNE 2012, (MAY/JUNE 2014)
2.Apply both Kohlberg„s and Gilligan„s theory in Heinz Dilemma and justify your
arguments(8)(MAY/JUNE2011,MAY/JUNE2012, (MAY/JUNE 2014), (APR/MAY2015)(NOV/DEC 2014(Ap)
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3.What are the uses of ethical theories explain? (16) (U)(MAY/JUNE 2012)
4. Explain
1. Professional responsibility (4)
2. Integrity and self-respect. (8)
3. Utilitarianism (4) (MAY/JUNE 2011) (U)
5.Explain Kohlberg„s theory in detail?(12)(U)(MAY/JUNE2011) (APR/MAY2015)
6. What are the scopes of engineering ethics? (R)(16) (MAY/JUNE 2011)
7. What are the different ethical theories available for right action, self-interest, duty Ethics.(U)
(16)(MAY/JUNE 2010, (NOV/DEC 2013), (APR/MAY2015)
8. Discuss the different models of professional roles?(16)(U) (MAY/JUNE 10)
9. Highlight the importance of engineering ethics? (16) (R)(MAY/JUNE 11)
10. What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection? Explain in detail the
specific virtues of professional responsibility (U) (MAY/JUNE 2014, (NOV/DEC 2013),
(APR/MAY2015) (NOV/DEC 2014)
11. Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in
engineering ethics.(U) (MAY/JUNE 2014)
12. Write short notes on Moral autonomy(R) ( NOV/DEC 2013)

COURSE OUTCOME:

The students will understand the basic perception of profession, professional ethics,
various moral issues & uses of ethical theories

UNIT –III
ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
SYLLABUS: Engineering as Experimentation – Engineers as responsible Experimenters – Codes of
Ethics – A Balanced Outlook on Law.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide basic familiarity about Engineers as responsible Experimenters,
Research Ethics, Codes of Ethics, Industrial Standards

PART A

1. What are the pros and cons of industrial standardization? (MAY/JUNE 2012)
Accuracy in measurement, interchange ability, eases of handling.
Prevention on of injury, death and loss of income or property.
Fair value of price.
Competence in carrying out tasks.
Sound design, ease of communications.
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2. What are the limitations of ethical code? (MAY/JUNE 2011)(NOV/DEC 2014)
Codes are restricted to general and vague wording.Codes can
„
t give a solution or method
for solving the internal conf Codes cannot serve as the final moral authority for professional conduct.

3. Define ethical accountability?
(MAY/JUNE 2011)

The inherent tendency of accepting moral responsibility for the actions of an individual and
also the spontaneous willingness to subject himself to the moral scrutiny in an open-minded manner
is called e t h i c a l
accountability.

4. Name the aerospace ace experts and scientists who were associated with the
Launching
of challenger?
(MAY/JUNE 2010)
Allan McDonald of Morton-Thiokol at Cape Kennedy, Arnold Thomson and
Roger Bois joly who were the seal experts at Morton-Thiokol and
engineering
managers, Bob Lund
and Joe Kil minster were the experts associated with the launching of challenger space
program.

5. Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering
societies.
(MAY/JUNE
2010)

National society of professional
Engineers.
Board of Ethical
review.

NSPE opinion of the Board of ethical
review.

American Association of Engineering societies
(AAES).
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE).

6. What was the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle program
“challenger” (NOV/DEC 2010)
The consequent rupturing of O-ring that constitute the field joints due to extreme
cold
weather was the primary reason that resulted in the failure of challenger space
shuttle.

7. What are the problems with the law in engineering?(NOV/DEC 2010)
a. Minimal compliance
b. Many laws are without enforce able sanctions.

8. How engineering could be regarded as preventive
technology?(MAY/JUNE 2009)

As per the familiar proverb that "prevention is better than cure", the ultimate
process of solving the scientific-based problems is not by curing alone, but effectively by
the preventive measures. Such type of defensive measures to prevent scientific ills is
called
preventive
technology.

9. What are the general features of morally responsible
engineers?(MAY/JUNE
2009)

a.Conscientiousness.
b.Comprehensiveperspective.
c.Autonomy. d.Accountability.

10. What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation?
Informed consent is the vital concept to interact engineers with public society.
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It reflects the respects for the fundamental rights of minority people involved in
the
experimental
procedures.

It enables both the public and clients to be aware of the practical risks and benefits
of that
experimentation.

11. What are the differences between engineering and standard
exper
i
ments?

Engineering experimentation involves human subjects as control
groups,

unlike in the standard experimentation .The process of obtaining the informed consent from
the
human-engineering
experimentation. Unlike in the scientific experiments, new knowledge is not
gained in engineering
experiment.

12. Differentiate scientific experiments and engineering projects?
Scientific experiments are conducted to gain new knowledge, while
―
engineering projects
are experiments that are not necessarily designed to produce very much knowledge
‖
.

13. How Titanic tragedy be brought under engineering as social experimentation?
Failure in the far-sighted approach of not providing enough number of lifeboat s
and
non-availability of proper safe exits handled to the sinking of titanic ship that caused the death toll of
1522 persons on board. These in designing are the reasons for bringing titanic tragedy under
engineering as social experimentation

14. Define the term moral
autonomy.

The moral beliefs and attitudes of an individual with a committed action towards the specific
principles and goals is called moral
autonomy.

15. What are the uncertainties occur in the model designs?
Model used for the design calculations.
Exact characteristics of the materials purchased.
Constancies of materials used for processing and fabrication.
Nature of the pressure, the finished product will encounter
.

16. What is meant by engineering as experimentation? (MAY/JUNE2014) (APR/MAY
2015)(NOV/DEC 2014)
Experimentation (Preliminary tests or Simulations) plays a vital role
in the design of a product or process.
In all stages of converting a new engineering concept into a design likes,
first rough cut design,
usage of different types of materials and processes,
detailed design,
further stages of work design

17. State the importance of Ethics codes. (MAY/JUNE2014)
Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the engineering
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GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING qbank

GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING qbank

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